ABSTRACT
INTRODUÇÃO: A consulta pré-anestésica é de extrema importância para o médico anestesiologista no planejamento do manejo das vias aéreas de pacientes sob o efeito de anestesia geral com intubação orotraqueal (IOT). OBJETIVO: Avaliar a sensibilidade, especificidade, valor preditivo positivo/negativo (VPP/VPN) de testes de predição de IOT difícil (Escore de Wilson - EW, e Teste de Mallampati modificado - TMM), em pacientes submetidos à anestesia geral, em hospital filantrópico do interior de Minas Gerais. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Estudo descritivo transversal, por meio de fichas pré-anestésicas e transoperatórias, de pacientes submetidos à anestesia geral com IOT, entre os meses de janeiro (2019) e março (2020). RESULTADOS: Dos 440 pacientes, 56,1% necessitaram de IOT: média de idade de 49,9 anos (desvio padrão 18,6). A maioria foi classificada: TMM classe I e II; pontuação 0 a 2 no EW; distância esternomentoniana >12,5 cm, sugerindo IOT fácil. Apenas o TMM apresentou correlação com IOT difícil (p=0,045). Sensibilidade e especificidade dos testes respectivamente: TMM (54,6%;75,9%); EW (36,4% e 79,7%); baixo VPP (TMM: 9,5%; EW: 7,7%) e alto VPN (TMM: 97,3%; EW: 96,4%). Curva ROC: área sob a curva foi de TMM = 0,68; EW = 0,60. CONCLUSÃO: Apesar do TMM apresentar correlação significativa com a IOT difícil, não foi possível definir o melhor teste preditor. Ressaltamos que a sensibilidade e o VPP, de ambas as avaliações, ficaram abaixo daquilo que seria considerado adequado para um teste de rastreio e predição.
Introduction: A pre-anesthetic appointment is extremely important for the anesthesiologist when planning the management of the airways of patients under the effect of general anesthesia with orotracheal intubation (OTI). Objective: To evaluate the sensitivity, specificity, positive/ negative predictive value (PPV/NPV) of difficult OTI prediction tests (Wilson risk-sum WRS, and Modified Mallampati Test - MMT) in patients undergoing general anesthesia in a philanthropic hospital in the countryside of the state of Minas Gerais. Materials and methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study using pre-anesthetic and transoperative records of patients submitted to general anesthesia with OTI between the months of January (2019) and March (2020). Results: Of the 440 patients, 56.1% required OTI: average age of 49.9 years (standard deviation 18.6). Most classified: MMT class I and II; score 0 to 2 on the WRS; sternomental distance greater than 12.5 cm, suggesting easy OTI. Only MMT showed statistical significance with difficult OTI (p=0.045). Sensitivity and specificity of the tests respectively: MMT (54.6%; 75.9%) WRS (36.4% and 79.7%) low PPV (MMT: 9.5%; WRS: 7.7%) and high NPV (MMT: 97.3%; WRS: 96.4%). ROC Curve: area under the curve was MMT = 0,68; WRS = 0,60. Conclusion: Although the MMT has a significant correlation with the difficult OTI, it was not possible to define the best predictor test. We emphasize that the sensitivity and PPV of both evaluations were below what would be considered adequate for a screening and prediction test.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Sensitivity and Specificity , Intubation, Intratracheal , Laryngoscopy/methods , Surgical Procedures, Operative , Predictive Value of Tests , ROC Curve , Anesthesia, General/methodsABSTRACT
Background: The aim of this study is to predict difficult airway on the basis of various airway assessment parameter in the paediatric population between 5-12 years age group. To assess the value of modified Mallampati test (MMT), upper-lip-bite test (ULBT), thyromental distance (TMD), ratio of height to thyromental distance (RHTMD) from which Cormack Lehane grade was derived to predict difficult airway i.e. difficult intubation in paediatric patients ranging from 5-12 years age. Material and Methods: 100 ASA grade I & II paediatric patients of either sex between the age group of 5-12 years posted for elective surgery under general anaesthesia requiring endotracheal intubation were included in the study. Modified Mallampati test, upper lip bite test, thyromental distance and ratio of height to thyromental distance of the patients were measured and recorded. All the distances were measured with the help of a flexible measuring tape so as to measure the distances accurately. Results: Modified Mallampati test has the highest sensitivity (75%) and specificity (92.05%) among all the other screening tests. It also has high positive predictive value (56.25%), negative predictive value (96.43%) and diagnostic accuracy (90%). Upper Lip Bite test has high specificity (79.55%) and negative predictive value (93.33%) with high diagnostic accuracy (77%). It has a sensitivity of 58.33% which is similar to the sensitivity of thyromental distance and ratio of height to thyromental distance. Thyromental distance has high specificity (65.90%) with high negative predictive value (92.06%). Conclusion: Modified Mallampati test is a useful bedside screening test for predicting difficult intubation in patients between 5-12 years age group. The Upper Lip bite test and thyromental distance has high specificity with high negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy. The ratio of height to thyromental distance is least useful predictor of airway assessment.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Preoperative diagnostic validity of airwayassessment help for prediction of difficult airway. Severalmodels were established for prediction of difficult intubation.In this study, we aim to predict difficult intubation in nonobese patients from various airway predictive indices suchas modified mallampati grade, neck movement (NM), neckcircumference (NC), thyrometal distance (TM), NC/TMD.Material and Methods: Total 121 patients with 18-72 yearsof age, ASA grade I or II, scheduled for elective surgerythat required general anaesthesia. Difficulty of intubationwas assessed using the IDS for each non-obese patient. Thestudy population was divided into two groups Easy (IDS <5)and Difficult intubation (IDS ≥5). Preoperative assessmentsincluded Mouth Opening (MO), modified mallampati grade,neck movement (NM), neck circumference (NC), thyrometaldistance (TM), NC/TMD. Multivariate analysis was usedto predict independent risk factors. Receiver OperatingCharacteristic Curve analysis (ROC analysis) was performedfor the airway assessment tests. The area under curve (AUC)was calculated.Results: The weight (59.74±7.76 kg and 65.00±5.92 kg)and BMI (21.51±1.79 and 23.8157±1.09) were significantlydifferent in between easy and difficult intubation. TheMouth Opening, NC, TMD, and NC/TMD were significantlyindependent risk factor for difficult intubation. NC/TMDwas showed higher sensitivity, specificity, positive predictivevalue (PPV) and a negative predictive value (NPV) with thirdlarge area under the curve (AUC) on the ROC curve.Conclusions: This study shows that the NC/TMD ratio canbe considered as a better predictor of difficult intubation innon-obese patients.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) may exhibit difficult endotracheal intubation and mask ventilation because of anatomical abnormalities of their upper airway. Many anesthesiologists try to predict difficult endotracheal intubation using simple bedside screening tests. Among these tests, modified Mallampati test (MMT) is the most popular one, but a newer method, called upper lip bite test (ULBT) has been investigated. We compared the clinical accuracy of modified Mallampati test and upper lip bite test for patients with OSA. METHODS: 65 patients with OSA were included in the study. Preoperatively, anestheiologist not involved in endotracheal intubation evaluated patient's airway with MMT and ULBT. Another anesthesiologist assessed the direct laryngoscopic grade. Using Fisher's exact test, we analyzed the correlation of MMT and ULBT with direct laryngoscopic grade and calculated the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value. Furthermore, AUC of ROC (area under a receiver operating characteristic) curve were used to estimate the predictive accuracy of each tests. RESULTS: MMT grade III, IV and ULBT class III was significantly correlated with Cormack-Lehane grade III, IV (P < 0.05). The ULBT showed higher specificity and positive predictive value, but sensitivity and negative predictive value were higher in MMT. AUC of ROC curve was poor for MMT (0.656) and ULBT (0.617). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that MMT and ULBT has a poor diagnostic accuracy for predicting difficult intubation in OSA patients as a single bedside screening test.